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Sustainable tourism in Lesotho

A number of development projects of varying magnitudes have been undertaken in Lesotho since the country's independence in 1966 in an effort to lessen its economic dependence on South Africa, especially in relation to food imports and employment. However because of the continued mismanagement of the limited resource base the dependency problem seems more acute. While the problem of unemployment and poverty may not be completely eradicated in the near future, a proper management of resources such as water, land and people, could improve the situation. In particular a major threat to development is the rapid deterioration and/or degradation of ecosystems both due to natural and anthropogenic influences. Lesotho is a mountainous country with a lowest point at around 1400 m above sea level and a highest point around 3400 m. It has a unique potential for tourism which has till the present not been fully explored. However that potential is dependent on the proper management of the land resources. About three quarters of the country is the Highlands, which are primarily used for range. The overuse of the rangeland is believed to be the major cause of land degradation. It has been suggested that more livestock has been kept than can be supported by the range. On the other hand, culturally, the wealth of a Mosotho is based on the numbers of his livestock; as a result, the concept of de-stocking has received resistance. In order to save the rangelands it is being proposed that Basotho invest in nature-based tourism as a form of earning income and reduce the number of their livestock. The extent to which they will buy this idea is not known, but it is crucial that they are made to understand that if nothing is done, all the rangelands will be lost and so will the livestock and other resources as well.
The other major resource of the mountains is water. Lesotho is renowned for its pristine waters. The Lesotho Highlands Water Project is a major project, which is harnessing the water from the mountains through tunnels into South Africa where it earns revenue for Lesotho. Major developments such as these often affect the communities within which they occur in a negative way. There are a number of other projects which are underway mainly in the area of biodiversity conservation. These projects will also affect local communities in some negative ways.







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